题目：Large-scaled network reorganization during recovery from partial spinal cord injury
报告人：Tadashi Isa （ Professor, the National Institute for Physiological Sciences ）
时间：2014年09月23日 星期二 13:00-14:30
地点： 生命科学学院邓佑才报告厅
邀请人：Yuji Naya
摘要：
After brain or spinal cord injuries, patients once experience severe paralysis but significant functional recovery can occur through rehabilitative training, however, the underlying neuronal mechanism is still not well understood. We have been studying the neuronal mechanism of recovery after partial spinal cord injury using non-human primate model combining multidisciplinary approaches.
It is generally accepted that direct connection from the motor cortex to spinal motoneurons is first established in higher primates through evolution and the direct pathway has been supposed to be the basis of dexterous hand movements in these species. However, in addition to the direct pathways, there exists an indirect pathway mediated by propriospinal neurons (Alstermark and Isa, 2012). Recently, we clarified that after lesion of the direct pathway, such indirect pathway can compensate for the dexterous hand movements, first by classical lesion experiments, and more recently by a newly developed genetic tool that enabled pathway-selective and reversible transmission blockade with double viral vectors in macaque m&111nkeys (Kinoshita et al. Nature, 2012). Moreover, we showed that various cortical areas including ipsilateral M1 and ventral premotor cortex are causally involved in the functional recovery (Nishimura et al. Science, 2007). In addition, we found that ventral striatum (VSt) including the nucleus accumbens increases the activation during the recovery in association with the motor cortex (Nishimura et al. PLos One 2011), and causally contributes to the recovery by local inactivation technique. This may underlie the mechanism of how the motivation facilitates the functional recovery. Such knowledge about the systems underlying the recovery will contribute to development of novel therapeutic strategies against the neuronal damage.
参考文献：
1. Kinoshita M, Matsui R, Kato S, Hasegawa T, Kasahara H, Isa K, Watakabe A, Yamamori T, Nishimura Y, Alstermark B., Watanabe D, Kobayashi K, Isa T (2012) Genetic dissection of the circuit for hand dexterity in primates. Nature, 487: 235-238.
2. Alstermark B, Isa T. (2012) Circuits for skilled reaching and grasping. Annual Review of Neuroscience,35: 559-578.
3. Nishimura Y, Onoe H, Onoe K, Morichika Y, Tsukada H, Isa T (2011) Neural substrates for the motivational regulation of recovery after spinal-cord injury. PLoS One 6: e24854.
4. Nishimura Y, Onoe T, Morichika Y, Perfiliev S, Tsukada H, Isa T (2007) Time-dependent central compensatory mechanism of finger dexterity after spinal-cord injury. Science, 318: 1150-1155.